[Jan 24, 2024] TestKingIT CWAP-404 dumps & CWAP Wi-Fi Analysis sure practice dumps [Q14-Q36]

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[Jan 24, 2024] TestKingIT CWAP-404 dumps & CWAP Wi-Fi Analysis sure practice dumps

CWNP CWAP-404 Actual Questions and Braindumps

NO.14 What interframe space would be expected between a CIS and a Data frame?

PIFS

AIFS

DIFS

SIFS

Explanation
The interframe space that would be expected between a CTS (Clear to Send) and a Data frame is SIFS (Short Interframe Space). A SIFS is the shortest interframe space that is used for high-priority transmissions, such as ACKs (Acknowledgements), CTSs, or data frames that are part of a fragmentation or aggregation process. A SIFS is a fixed value that depends on the PHY type and channel width. A CTS and a Data frame are part of a virtual carrier sense mechanism called RTS/CTS (Request to Send/Clear to Send), which is used to avoid collisions and hidden node problems in wireless transmissions. When a STA (station) wants to send a data frame, it first sends an RTS frame to the intended receiver, indicating the duration of the transmission. The receiver then responds with a CTS frame, also indicating the duration of the transmission. The other STAs in the vicinity hear either the RTS or the CTS frame and update their NAV (Network Allocation Vector) timers accordingly, deferring their access to the medium until the transmission is over. The sender then sends the data frame after waiting for a SIFS, followed by an ACK frame from the receiver after another SIFS. The other options are not correct, as they are not used between a CTS and a Data frame. A PIFS (PCF Interframe Space) is used for medium access by the PCF (Point Coordination Function), which is an optional and rarely implemented polling-based mechanism that provides contention-free service for time-sensitive traffic. An AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space) is used for medium access by different ACs (Access Categories), which are logical queues that correspond to different QoS (Quality of Service) levels for different types of traffic. An AIFS is a variable interframe space that depends on the AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value of each AC. A DIFS (Distributed Interframe Space) is used for medium access by the DCF (Distributed Coordination Function), which is the default and mandatory contention-based mechanism that provides best-effort service for normal traffic. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 6: 802.11 Frame Exchanges, page 166-167; Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195

NO.15 In what scenario is Open Authentication without encryption not allowed based on the 802.11 standard?

When operating a BS5 in the CBRS band

When operating a BSS in FIPS mode

When operating a BSS in a government facility

When operating a BSS in the 6 GHz band

NO.16 The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?

MPDU

PSDU

MSDU

PPDU

NO.17 When would you expect to see a Reassociation Request frame’

Every time a STA associates to an AP to which it has previously been associated

Only when a STA is using FT roaming

Only when a STA roams back to an AP it has previously been associated with

Every time a STA roams

NO.18 Finish the statement:
It is possible to distinguish between_______22 MHz transmissions and________20 MHz transmissions when looking at an FFT plot.

HR/DSSS and ERP

OFDM and HT

ERP and VHT

HT and VHT

NO.19 Why would a STA that supports 802.11k Radio Measurement send a Neighbor Request to an AP?

To learn about neighboring interference sources and tune its RF radio accordingly

To inform the current AP about the STA’s intent to roam to a neighboring AP, ensuring a seamless handover

To request a list of neighboring APs which the STA can use as roaming candidates

To request a list of neighboring STAs which enables the STA to better pick the right protection mechanisms

NO.20 Using a portable analyzer you perform a packet capture next to a client STA and you can see that the STA is associated to a BSS. You observe the STA sending packets to the AP and the AP sending packets to the STA.
Less than 2% of all packets are retransmissions. You move to capture packets by the AP and, while the retry rate is still less than 2%, you now only see unidirectional traffic from the AP to the client. How do you explain this behavior?

The portable analyzer is too close to the AP causing CCI, blinding the AP to the clients packets

The STA is transmitting data using more spatial streams than the potable analyzer can support

There is a transmit power mismatch between the client and the AP and while the client can hear the APs traffic, the AP cannot hear the client

The portable analyzer has a lower receive sensitivity than the AP and while it can’t capture the packets from the client STA, the AP can receive them OK

NO.21 When performing protocol analysis, you capture an 802.1 lac data frame on channel 52, transmitted at MCS 8.
At what data rate was the PHY Preamble transmitted?

54 Mbps

86.7 Mbps

6 Mbps

78 Mbps

NO.22 After examining a Beacon frame decode you see the SSID Element has a length of 0. What do you conclude about this frame?

The frame is corrupted

SSID elements always have a length of 0

This is a common attack on WISP backend SQL databases

The beacon is from a BSS configured to hide the SSID

NO.23 The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?

PPDU

PSDU

MPDU

MSDU

NO.24 When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, to which portion of the frame is the encryption applied?

Frame body and MAC Header

Frame body excluding the LLCPDU

Frame body including the LLCPDU

The whole MPDU

NO.25 Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?

In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame

Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame

In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame

In the MBR Action frame

NO.26 You are analyzing a packet decode of a Probe Request and notice the SSID element has a length of zero. What do you conclude about the transmitting STA?

The WLAN adaptor is configured in promiscuous mode

The STA is operating in Ad-Hoc mode

The STA’s WLAN adaptor is disabled

The STA is discovering a list of available BSSs

NO.27 Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-802.11 interference source?

Max hold

Min hold

Location filter

Device finder

NO.28 A PHY Header is added to the PSDU at which layer?

LLC

Network

PHY

MAC

NO.29 In a Spectrum Analyzer the Swept Spectrogram plot displays what information?

RF power present at a particular frequency over the course of time

Reductions in frame transmissions

Wi-Fi Device information

The RF time domain

NO.30 802.11k Neighbor Requests and Neighbor Reports are sent in what type of Management Frames?

RRM

Action

Beacon

Reassociation Request and Reassociation Response

NO.31 Which one of the following statements is not true concerning DTIMs?

Buffered Broadcast and Multicast traffic will be transmitted following a DTIM

The DTIM interval can dictate when an STA will wake up to listen to beacon frames

DTIM stands for Delivery Traffic Indication Map

Every Beacon frame must contain a DTIM

NO.32 Where, in a protocol analyzer, would you find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU?

The HT Operation Element

A-MPDU flag in the QoS Control Field

A-MPDU flag in the Frame Control Field

The Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header

NO.33 Prior to a retransmission what happens to the CWmax value?

Increases by 1

Reset to 0

Set to the value of the AIFSN

Doubles and increases by 1

NO.34 ABC International has installed a new smart ZigBee controlled lighting system. However, the network team is concerned that this new system will interfere with the existing WLAN and has asked you to investigate the impact of the two systems operating simultaneously in the 2.4 GHz band. When performing Spectrum Analysis, which question could you answer by looking at the FFT plot?

Do the ZigBee channels used by the lighting system overlap with the WLAN channels?

Is the ZigBee system using more than 50% of the available airtime?

Is the WLAN corrupting ZigBee system messages?

Is the ZigBee system causing an increase in WLAN retries?

NO.35 Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?

Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame

In the MBR Action frame

In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame

In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame

NO.36 Which one of the following is not a valid acknowledgement frame?

RTS

CTS

Ack

Block Ack

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Topics:

Section	Objectives
Protocol Analysis – 15%
Capture 802.11 frames using the appropriate methods	– Select capture devices Laptop protocol analyzers APs, controllers, and other management solutions Specialty devices (hand-held analyzers and custom-built devices) – Install monitor mode drivers – Select capture location(s) – Capture sufficient data for analysis – Capture all channels or capture on a single channel as needed – Capture roaming events
Understand and apply the common capture configuration parameters available in protocol analysis tools	– Save to disk – Packet slicing – Event triggers – Buffer options – Channels and channel widths – Capture filters – Channel scanning and dwell time
Analyze 802.11 frame captures to discover problems and find solutions	– Use appropriate display filters to view relevant frames and packets – Use colorization to highlight important frames and packets – Configure and display columns for analysis purposes – View frame and packet decodes while understanding the information shown and applying it to the analysis process – Use multiple adapters and channel aggregation to view captures from multiple channels – Implement protocol analyzer decryption procedures – View and use a capture’s statistical information for analysis – Use expert mode for analysis – View and understand peer maps as they relate to communications analysis
Utilize additional tools that capture 802.11 frames for analysis and troubleshooting	– WLAN scanners and discovery tools – Protocol capture visualization and analysis tools – Centralized monitoring, alerting, and forensic tools
Ensure appropriate troubleshooting methods are used with all analysis types	– Define the problem – Determine the scale of the problem – Identify probable causes – Capture and analyze the data – Observe the problem – Choose appropriate remediation steps – Document the problem and resolution
Spectrum Analysis – 10%
Capture RF spectrum data and understand the common views available in spectrum analyzers	– Install, configure, and use spectrum analysis software and hardware – Capture RF spectrum data using handheld, laptop-based, and infrastructure spectrum capture solutions – Understand and use spectrum analyzer views Real-time FFT Waterfall, swept spectrogram, density, and historic views Utilization and duty cycle Detected devices WLAN integration views
Analyze spectrum captures to identify relevant RF information and issues	– RF noise floor in an environment – Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for a given signal – Sources of RF interference and their locations – RF channel utilization – Non-Wi-Fi transmitters and their impact on WLAN communications – Overlapping and non-overlapping adjacent channel interference – Poor performing or faulty radios
Analyze spectrum captures to identify various device signatures	– Identify various 802.11 PHYs DSSS OFDM OFDMA Channel widths Primary channel – Identify non-802.11 devices based on RF behaviors and signatures Frequency hopping devices IoT devices Microwave ovens Video devices RF Jammers Cordless phones
Use centralized spectrum analysis solutions	– AP-based spectrum analysis – Sensor-based spectrum analysis
PHY Layers and Technologies – 10%
Understand and describe the functions of the PHY layer and the PHY protocol data units (PPDUs)	– DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) – HR/DSSS (High Rate/Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) – OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) – ERP (Extended Rate PHY) – HT (High Throughput) – VHT (Very High Throughput) – HE (High Efficiency) HE SU PPDU HE MU PPDU HE ER SU PPDU HE TB PPDU HE NULL data packets
Apply the understanding of PHY technologies, including PHY headers, preambles, training fields, frame aggregation, and data rates, to captured data
Identify and use PHY information provided within pseudo-headers in protocol analyzers	– Pseudo-Header formats Radiotap Per Packet Information (PPI) – Key pseudo-header content Guard intervals Resource units allocation PPDU formats Signal strength Noise Data rate and MCS index Length information Channel center frequency or received channel Channel properties
Recognize the limits of protocol analyzers to capture PHY information including NULL data packets and PHY headers
Use appropriate capture devices based on proper understanding of PHY types	– Supported PHYs – Supported spatial streams
MAC Sublayer and Functions – 25%
Understand frame encapsulation and frame aggregation	– Frame aggregation (A-MSDU and A-MPDU)
Identify and use MAC information in captured data for analysis	– Management, Control, and Data frames – MAC frame formats and contents Frame Control field To DS and From DS fields Address fields Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field – 802.11 Management frame formats Information Elements Authentication Association and Reassociation Beacon Prove Request and Probe Response – Data and QoS Data frame formats – 802.11 Control frame formats Acknowledgement (ACK) Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) Block Acknowledgement and related frames Trigger frames VHT/HE NDP announcements Multiuser RTS
Validate BSS configuration through protocol analysis	– Country code – Minimum basic rate – Supported rates and coding schemes – Beacon interval – WMM settings – RSN settings – HT/VHT/HE operations – Channel width – Primary channel – Hidden or non-broadcast SSIDs
Identify and analyze CRC error frames and retransmitted frames
WLAN Medium Access – 10%
Understand 802.11 contention algorithms in-depth and know how they impact WLANs	– Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) Carrier Sense (CS) and Energy Detect (ED) Network Allocation Vector (NAV) Contention Windows (CW) and random backoff Interframe spacing – Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) EDCA Function (EDCAF) Access Categories and Queues Arbitration Interframe Space Number (AIFSN) – Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) WMM parameters WMM-Power Save WMM-Admission Control
Analyze QoS configuration and operations	– Verify QoS parameters in capture files – Ensure QoS is implemented end-to-end

CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:

Duration	90 minutes
Exam Name	Wireless Analysis Professional
Recommended Training	CWAP self-paced training kit, Training Class
Exam Code	CWAP-404 CWAP
Exam Price	$275 USD

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